Business Ethics and Social Responsibility and Its Impact on Efficiency Research Paper

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility and Its Impact on Efficiency - Research Paper Example As a specialist for this firm, the report made by the ABC meetings will likewise talks about the essential highlights that are the most conspicuous for the associations, the social responsibility,and how these really shape the general key wanting to in the long run achievevalue creation just as expanded benefit. The SR is a strong system to find and talk about connections that dwell in the business-society, which can be accomplished by looking at the organizations and their social effect (Carroll, 1991; Wood, 1991).There have been numerous investigates that have energized open mentality straightforwardly identified with the endeavors that can create another perspective for the partnerships just as thebusinessesthat contend in the worldwide society. The initial segment of thereporthighlights a presentation of the topicthatspecifies the subject just as the essential motivation behind the report. At that point expressed, are the examination discoveries from the examination, alongside th e investigation of the accumulated data to at long last end with suggestions. The paper in this way looks at the highlights and strategies required by the XYZ Company on how these can be blended in the acts of the associations. The report will likewise feature how business morals helps in building up the social capital,as well as the practices that help the associations support in the serious condition of the worldwide situations. The report closes with the eight fundamental characteristicsneeded to accomplish productivity that is the duty of the proprietors just as the supervisors of the XYZ association. Presentation A decent business that is engaged with social obligation and moral strategic approaches realizes how to accomplish a triumphant business of the new century. The acts of these organizations not just work towards offering some benefit to the proprietors yet in addition enhance the general public all in all. These organizations in this way censure the exploitative practic es, yet in addition mean to embrace those sorts of practices that that gives a positive effect on the partners (The European Commission, Employment and Social Affairs Directorate; Clarson). As a specialist I will thusly recognize the moral practices thatthe XYZ Company must have so as to analyze the influences that moral business and social obligation have on the association and its processes.â

Introduction healthcare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Presentation medicinal services - Research Paper Example They have both seen a lot of progress since their commencement. The biggest effect on change inside these associations has been the continually propelling innovation; it has extended administrations hugely. The best test the two of them face presently is the continuation of financing and staff support so as to have the option to proceed with their effort administrations. The American National Red Cross The American National Red Cross is a part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It was established in May, 1881, by Clara Barton, a pioneer in American nursing. It is an impartial, autonomous association to advance life, harmony, and correspondence so as to ease human enduring around the world. It is a social insurance and helpful association that today despite everything serves Americans across the country with specific accentuation on catastrophe alleviation and administration to military families. Its blood drives flexibly the greater part of the nation’s required blood gracefully. Their general point is to take care of, cover, and give comfort and passionate help just as access to human services during times of calamity and emergency. (American National Red Cross, 2011) The first vision for the American National Red Cross was to give brisk and exact correspondence of data during crises, just as administration for sick and injured military faculty and their families.

Manage Your Future

Manage Your Future Every year MISTI sends nearly 600 interns from all MIT majors abroad to work in their chosen field. In 2010 2011, we sent 66 Management students to 9 different countries to intern in companies such as: Allianz (Germany), Amadeus (France), American Express (Mexico), Brunello Cucinelli (Italy), Cinepolis (Mexico), Daikin (Japan), Deutsche Bahn (Germany), Grupo BBVA (Spain), IFMR (India), King-eClient (Spain),My Gengo (Japan), Naiot (Israel), Nasvax (Israel), Societe General (France) and Xerox (India). Sara Hernandez Class of 2015 MIT-India Program 2011 Internship: IFMR, Chennai The skills I gained and the ideas I got from field observations will be crucial for my own future research.I really want to improve my qualitative research skills: for that I plan to take some classes at MIT at the econ and anthropology departments. It has been a very good opportunity to learn how the economic theory can be applied to solve real problems and I hope I can go back to India to start my own research project. The project:Following the philosophy set by the OWC courses, I helped to adapt graduate-level econ subjects to the curriculum of the university: worked on syllabus design, reading materials, class presentations and assignments. I also assisted with a research project that was conducting comprehensive surveys on the rural poor regarding health and productivity. The host:The IFMR is a very prestigious centre that takes students from all over the subcontinent for MBAs and masters programs. It is a focal point for researchers and practitioners interested in development and poverty research. The city:Chennai is a very vibrant city with a unique coastal atmosphere. Jumping on a rickshaw, eating masala dosas or attending religious festivals were truly unforgettable moments! Becca Hung Class of 2011 MIT-Germany Program 2010 Internship: Deutsche Bahn, Berlin Through my DB internship, I not only learned about the strategy and logistics for international freight transportation, but I gained an appreciation and affinity forGerman culture.This experience has sparked my interest in getting a job related to International Relations or Germany. Though my MISTI experience, I believe I have gained more knowledge about worldly culture and I am eager to learn more about it through more international experiences and/or jobs. The project:I worked on strategy transport and logistics for DB Schenker. This entailed doing market research and financial calculations on various freight transportation companies. I created competitor profiles and presentations for DB Schenker. The host:DB Schenker, a logistics company and a wholly own subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG, is a logistics company comprising of land, air, and sea freight. The city:Berlin is a huge city full of culture, history, fun, and variety. I truly enjoyed catching up with colleagues and friends over a drink at a caf or bar (especially Berlins beach bars).

The Effects Of Immigration On The Social And Economic Economy

Abstract Examining the effects that immigration may have on the social and economic economy in the United States of America is perpetual. This research will begin with the establishing of the National Origins Act of 1924 (NOA), and how NOA impedes on the genesis contract that began the settlement of these united states. The signing of the Immigration Bill in 1965, how it facilitates a much needed common ground approach to a more legislative approach. Within this research there will be two comparisons, first of today, as was then, how America recognizes the importance of lawful immigration and why one of the many names of this country is the great melting pot, simply because it is established and founded by immigrants. Secondly, today America also recognizes the laconic challenges illegal immigration pose to the United States of America and felt the need to legislate a reform statue to the added immigration and naturalization law in 1776, inscribed within the Declaration of Independe nce. Also, What the Bible’s viewpoint on both legal and illegal immigration, and the Biblical Principle Fisher relates immigration too. How does past economical immigrate settlers match-up with today’s immigrants, who are legal residents and present a security risk, compared to the immediate threat of illegal immigration that does not. How does one discern the differences? Lastly, in this research there will be a clear overview of the two Legislative Laws, the Immigration Bill of 1965, H.R.Show MoreRelatedImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1481 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose Statement Illegal immigration can cause substantial tension on the current economic configuration in a country. However, it can also, assist the said configurations by providing cheap and effective manpower at the same time. Contemporary study on political opinions concerning immigration frequently pits points of view highlighting economic self-interest versus cultural or ideological rationalization. They (studies) are also based on the particular immigration policy at hand at the time,Read MoreBenefits Of Immigration Reform During The United States Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesBenefits of Immigration Reform Today, the need for immigration reform questions many economic, political and moral realities in our country. In particular, the current immigration reform as a major issue in the Latino community. Each area will be examined with an emphasis on how each is beneficial to the economy, as well as touching on the differences between the key opinions around immigration reform. Latinos make up a large portion of the people impacted by the outcome reform bill. The MigrationRead MoreThe Effects of Migration725 Words   |  3 Pagesevery day, but they’re knocking on doors that are not open.† Probably, the author is right because most of the migrants even do not know what awaits them in a new country. Before thinking about the effects of migration, people should draw a distinction between emigration and immigration. The immigration is beneficial, whereas the emigration is totally disadvantageous for a country. People from industrially backward regions do not value their current lifestyle and conditions, and they cannot resistRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The Host Economy1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe aim of this literature review is to provide an overview of the various effects of immigration on the host economy. The consequences I will be focusing on are on employment, inflation, wage level, economic growth and the welfare system. I am also going to examine what effect the skill level of immigrants has on the economic development of the host country. Then we will concentrate on papers about the situation in particular countries. There is plenty of research available about that particularRead MoreThe Benefits Of Immigrants During The United States946 Words   |  4 Pagesthat immigration is an impending threat to national security, and that the U.S. should close the borders up for good. The U.S. should not consider that because everything negative that occurs in the U.S. is not due to immigrants. The government can stop illegal immigration right now, but would it not affect the U.S. more to do so? Restrictionists claim that large-scale immigration, legal and illegal has depressed wages, burdened government resources, and acted as a net drain on the economy. HoweverRead MoreImmigration And The United States967 Words   |  4 PagesThe opinion of many people today, immigration is what has made America. People who immigrate to a new country ace a number of challenging situations and problems in the new community where they live. The problems can be economic, societal and or cultural. There would be no Ameri ca if not for immigration is what has made America because most of the people in this country are immigrants and from different parts in the world. Countries such as China, Germany, Japan and many others have contributedRead MoreImmigration And Its Effects On The Country s Economy1044 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration is what shaped America to what it is today. In fact, there would be no America if not for immigration because everyone in the country is an immigrant or is directly descended from one. America as we know today would not be called a â€Å"melting pot† if it was not for the rich culture immigrants brought with them such as style, food, worth ethics and entertainment. The oldest inhabitants, the Native Americans, emigrated from Asia. The rest of us come from all different ethnicity, backgroundRead MoreThe Unsuspected Success Of Donald Trump s Campaign For President Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe unsuspected success of Donald Trump’s campaign for presid ent has proved to be the spark of a new nativist moment in the United States. Open hostility and opposition to immigration has moved into mainstream culture, as Americans become increasingly intolerant of migrants as a result of their financial and cultural woes. Nativist sentiments are not a novel fixture of American political culture, however, as throughout history there have been countless crusades against migratory movements of theRead MoreImmigration Reform Should Not Be Eligible For Work Authorization863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Supreme Court will announce their decision in June 2016 on the Obama’s administration proposal regarding immigration reform actions. If passed, the actions will allow millions of undocumented immigration to be eligible for work authorization. This will also effect the implementation of the Deferred Actions for Parents of Americans, Lawful Permanent Residents, and an expansion on Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, which affects teens and yo ung adults raised in the U.S but born outside the

Bahrain Geography, History, Culture, and Economy

Bahrain is a small country located in the Persian Gulf. It is considered a part of the Middle East and is an archipelago made up of 33 islands. The largest island of Bahrain is Bahrain Island and as such, it is where most of the countrys population and economy are based. Like many other Middle Eastern nations, Bahrain has recently been in the news due to increasing social unrest and violent anti-government protests. Fast Facts: Bahrain Official Name: Kingdom of BahrainCapital: ManamaPopulation: 1,442,659  (2018)Official Language: ArabicCurrency: Bahraini dinars (BHD)Form of Government: Constitutional monarchyClimate: Arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summersTotal Area: 293 square miles (760 square kilometers)Highest Point: Jebal ad Dukhan at 443 feet (135 meters)Lowest Point: Persian Gulf at 0 feet (0 meters)   History of Bahrain Bahrain has a long history that dates back at least 5,000 years, at which time the region served as a trading center between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley. The civilization living in Bahrain at that time was the Dilmun civilization, however, when trade with India declined around 2000 BCE, so too did the civilization. In 600 BCE, the region became a part of the Babylonian Empire. According to the U.S. Department of State, little is known about Bahrains history from this time until the arrival of Alexander the Great  in the fourth century BCE. During its early years, Bahrain was known as Tylos until the seventh century when it became an Islamic nation. Bahrain was then controlled by various forces until 1783 when the Al Khalifa family took control of the region from Persia. In the 1830s, Bahrain became a British Protectorate after the Al Khalifa family signed a treaty with the United Kingdom which guaranteed British protection in the event of a military conflict with Ottoman Turkey. In 1935, Britain established its main military base in the Persian Gulf in Bahrain, but Britain announced in 1968 the end of the treaty with Bahrain and other Persian Gulf sheikdoms. As a result, Bahrain joined the eight other sheikdoms to form a union of Arab emirates. However, by 1971, they had not officially unified and Bahrain declared itself independent on August 15, 1971. In 1973, Bahrain elected its first parliament and drafted a constitution, but in 1975 the parliament was broken up when it tried to remove power from the Al Khalifa family, which still forms the executive branch of Bahrains government. In the 1990s, Bahrain experienced some political instability and violence from the Shia majority and as a result, the government cabinet underwent some changes. These changes initially ended the violence but in 1996, several hotels and restaurants were bombed and the country has been unstable off and on since then. Government of Bahrain Today, Bahrains government is considered a constitutional monarchy; it has a chief of state (the countrys king) and a prime minister for its executive branch. It also has a bicameral legislature made up of the Consultative Council and the Council of Representatives. Bahrains judicial branch consists of its High Civil Appeals Court. The country is divided into five governorates (Asamah, Janubiyah, Muharraq, Shamaliyah, and Wasat) that is administered by an appointed governor. Economics and Land Use in Bahrain Bahrain has a diversified economy with many multinational firms. A large part of Bahrains economy depends on oil and petroleum production, however. Other industries in Bahrain include aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizer production, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, and tourism. Agriculture only represents about 1% of Bahrains economy, but the main products are fruit, vegetables, poultry, dairy products, shrimp, and fish. Geography and Climate of Bahrain Bahrain is located in the Middle Easts Persian Gulf to the east of Saudi Arabia. It is a small nation with a total area of just 293 square miles (760 sq km) spread out over many different islands. Bahrain has a relatively flat topography consisting of a desert plain. The central part of Bahrains main island has a low elevation escarpment and the highest point in the country is Jabal ad Dukhan at 443 feet (135 m). The climate of Bahrain is arid and as such it has mild winters and very hot, humid summers. The countrys capital and largest city, Manama, has an average January low temperature of 57 degrees (14ËšC) and an average August high temperature of 100 degrees (38ËšC).​ Sources Central Intelligence Agency. Bahrain. CIA World Factbook.Infoplease.com. Bahrain: History, Geography, Government, and Culture.United States Department of State. Bahrain.

Law Essay Free Essays

Administrative Action Are grounds of judicial review so poorly defined that they enable the courts to pick and choose the cases in which they will grant judicial review? Should that be the case? Introduction Substantive Grounds of Review: Unreasonableness Unreasonableness as a ground of review is difficult to define with any clarity or certainty and as a direst result has often been branded as a problem ridden aspect of administrative law. The concept of Wednesday unreasonableness, formulated in the case of Associated Provincial Picture Houses v. Wednesbury Corporation [1948] and further developed in Council of Civil Service Unions v. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Minister for the Civil Service [1985] per Lord Diplock was that courts would intervene to correct an administrative action based on the ground of reasonableness only if it was â€Å"so outrageous in its defiance of logic or accepted moral standards that no sensible person who had applied his mind to the question to be decided could have arrived at it. Indeterminacy as to the definition of Unreasonableness: Poorly defined grounds of review? The concept of unreasonableness as propagated by Lord Greene and adopted by Australian courts is inherently indeterminate. Whether a particular decision is reasonable or not is often nothing more than a question of degree and opinion by the courts. This creates an overt sense of arbitrariness which then calls into question the consistency and subsequently effectiveness of such a ground of review as illustrated by case law. The effectiveness of unreasonableness as a ground of review was blatantly called into question in the case of Chan v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs where the High Court and the Federal Court differed in opinion as to what constituted unreasonableness which was manifestly unfair. This apparent inability of the courts to reach a consensus on what precisely constitutes the required degree of unreasonableness in order to allow a reversal of the disputed administrative decision calls into question the consistency with which it can be applied by courts. Although subsequent cases (Prasad v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs/ Luu v Renevier/ Minister for Aboriginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend) seemed to prefer an expansive interpretation of unreasonableness, in neither of these cases can it be said that the delegate’s decision represented something that was manifestly unfair or overwhelming as required by Lord Greene’s original version. Conversely, it can be argued that the Federal Court simply reviewed the merits of the case and substituted its decision for that of the original one. In these cases although it was difficult to reach the conclusion that the decision was so unreasonable that no reasonable person would have come to them, that is exactly what the courts did. This further prompts arguments that the ground of unreasonableness is so poorly defined that courts can pick and choose the cases in which they grant judicial review. The wider the interpretation of unreasonableness greater the risk that courts are in essence given greater opportunity to conduct a merits based review with the effect being that judicial review becomes less effective as it loses the element of consistency. In light of this realization, this ground has recently come under close scrutiny by both the judiciary and the legislature. Where unreasonableness does exist as a ground of review, both the High Court and the Federal Court have held unequivocally that it must be strictly construed and that the courts must abstain from using unreasonableness as a guise to hear an appeal and so engage in merits review of a case. In the cases of Minister of immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Eshetu and Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Betkhoshabeh, the Court established strict constraints for unreasonableness, insisting that it is only to be used in the most extreme of cases and that the review should only extend to the legality of the decision. These cases clearly mark a turnaround from the earlier approach in Prasad. In essence his ground of review has been narrowed so that it is to be used only where there is unreasonableness in the very strict sense of the word such that courts can only intervene where only one possible conclusion could have been reached by the decision maker but was not so reached. Therefore precisely defining this ground of review is impossible due to conflicting needs to reign in unreasonableness as a ground of review as opposed to limiting its scope excessively. Proponents of the restrictive approach advocated in Eshetu would argue that a wider interpretation and application of unreasonableness may eventuate in judicial review extending to the merits of a case and possibly usurping the administrative process. However to restrict unreasonableness as a ground of review to that extent runs the risk of marginalizing this ground to the effect of making it redundant. This then gives birth to the possibility that occasions where judicial review was warranted due to the oppressive nature of administrative decisions would go unchecked. There must be a ground of review that can capture decisions such as that in Chan that would otherwise escape scrutiny. Moreover the arguments for and against a restrictive approach to interpreting unreasonableness do not of themselves remove other elements of unreasonableness as a ground of review that are poorly defined. The requirements for something overwhelming or for the evidence to support only one possible conclusion are no more determinate than those of the concept of reasonableness itself. There still exists the need for courts to engage in an evaluative, value laden inquiry as to the reasonableness (or the extent thereof) of a decision and this necessarily involves delving into the merits of a decision rather than its legality. The test of whether a decision is reasonable then hinges upon whether the evidence has been considered with propriety and reasonably and it is precisely this which makes the test one of poor definition. In determining whether the available evidence was reasonably interpreted, even considering the more recent restrictive approach propagated by courts, the courts are essentially disagreeing with the decision under review on an indeterminate ground. The danger of illegitimate judicial incursion into the merits of the decision remains present despite its strict construction. Violating the Distinction between merits and judicial review: Poorly defined grounds of review? Although courts can justify judicial review on the basis of Wednesbury unreasonableness, this justification is limited in that the courts cannot intervene simply because they do not agree with the administrative decision or view the facts differently. The distinction between judicial and merits review requires that courts only concern themselves with the question of whether the decision maker had acted within the confines of his power subject to the issues of relevancy, proprietary of purpose and unreasonableness. In no way must they concern themselves with the appropriateness of nor the policy considerations behind the decision in a bid to influence or criticize the policy. To do so would amount to a merits review and this would be contrary to the rule that the final authority on the merits of a decision should be the body vested with the discretionary power to do so by Parliament. The theory behind this is that although Courts have the constitutional authority to review decisions of the other arms of government, there is an ever present danger that they might extrapolate this duty excessively and effectively exercise the power vested by Parliament in the primary decision maker, hence substituting their decision for that of the intended decision maker. This would amount to a radical breach of the doctrine of Separation of Powers due to the courts’ exercise of a â€Å"surrogate political process† in direct and conflictual contravention of the notion of Parliamentary sovereignty. The aggregate effect would be a decay of our established system of parliamentary democracy as the courts are neither democratically elected nor politically accountable. The credibility and legitimacy of both the judiciary (and judicial review) and the Constitutional guarantee against excesses by any arm of the Government would be impaired should such a development occur. However the problems surface when there is attempt to apply the theory to practice. Judicial review, despite the grounds on which it is justified, ecessarily involves a process that is evaluative, with emphasis on examining the merits of a decision. When this is compounded by the fact that a conferral of discretionary powers are done so in language that often lacks clarity and is open-ended, it is not too remote to state that courts, in their attempt to evaluate the reasonableness of a decision, will have to embark upon the path of a value-laden judgment about whether there was a breach of the confines of the discret ionary power. This inherent problem within grounds of review is particularly exacerbated in the case of Wednesbury unreasonableness because, although the enacting statue would include the requirement of reasonableness, it will inconveniently leave out the definition of reasonableness, hence creating more room for an evaluative process by the courts. This then amounts to a process of pitting a contested decision against an ideal standard of reasonableness, a standard which has to be construed by the courts. It is then no surprise that the result is often an opaque and loose standard which tends to veer towards the substantive elements of a decision rather than the procedural elements. The fundamental problem of Wednesbury unreasonableness as a ground of judicial review is that the trigger for raising this ground is the disputed quality of the administrative decision. Hence what this amounts to is an intervention by the courts in lieu of the merits of the decision, hence blurring the distinction between legality and merit. When courts attempt to evaluate the legality of administrative action on the murky grounds of unreasonableness, they risk justifying a merits review as judicial review and hence risk an intervention based on their construction of unreasonableness and not based on the legality of the decision in question. Procedural Grounds of review: Bias Bias is a failure to have an open mind on the issues. Actual bias, a closed mind, may lead to other reviewable errors but exists as a separate ground of review. Bias as a ground of review also looks at the perceptions and a decision may be set aside for a perception of bias, whether there was any or not. The test is whether a fair minded lay observer would perceive a possibility of bias. This portion of the essay deals with judges continuing to act in a decision making process when they have an interest in the outcome of the case. A judge with a financial interest in a decision is not automatically barred from hearing the case and is only barred if the interest was such as to create a perception of bias [Ebner v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (2000)] The distinction between actual bias and an apprehension of bias is that for the latter there needs to be no issue of whether the judicial officer might or did in fact bring an impartial mind to the resolution of that case. All that is required is that he might or might have brought an impartial mind to the resolution of the case. The High re-defined the apprehension of bias principle in Ebner v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (2000) such that the governing principle now is that a judge is disqualified if a fair minded lay observer might reasonably apprehend that the judge might not bring an impartial mind to resolving the case at hand. The principle may also need to be modified in the case of some administrative decision makers, to recognize and accommodate the different legal framework within which administrative decisions are made. Indeed, in Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Jia, the High Court made it clear that the application of the Ebner principles will depend on the circumstances of the case at hand. Judicial officers, by virtue of their public duty do not lose their rights as citizens to engage in a private life and participate in all that a private life necessarily entails. Therefore to assert that there will be conflicts of interest between the public duty and private life of judicial officers seems to be an otiose argument. Any argument that this conflict of interest could result in bias, hence forming a ground for review must then be contemplated with skepticism. Interest The prominence of financial diversity, prevalent interest in shareholding, necessity of investing in superannuation and its related equity funds all result in a significant number of judicial officers, like their counterparts in other professions to have an interest in publicly listed companies. These publicly listed companies are not only the dominant incumbents of their industries but also, as a result of their expansive service production, likely to be involved in litigation periodically. Therefore there is potential scope for litigants to argue that there should be judicial review of a decision made on the basis of an apprehension of bias because of the pecuniary interest of the judge in the case. However, the resolution of most cases involving large companies is unlikely to be significant in affecting the value of a shareholding. Hence shareholdings in large companies will not be disqualifying factors in most proceedings. The proportion of the shares held to the value of the company as an aggregate is likely to be insignificant such as to warrant an intervention on this account. Association There is no clear touchstone that can provide an easy method of identifying what might be a disqualifying association and this could provoke arguments that this ground of review is poorly defined and arbitrary. Obviously a judicial officer cannot preside in a case in which he or she is a party; or in which a close relative is party. On the other hand, the judicial and planning appeal systems would be unworkable if a member was disqualified simply because they knew a party, let alone a representative of a party. The High Court has stated that a reasonable apprehension of bias may exist where the presiding judge has a substantial personal relationship with a party to, or a person involved in, proceedings or a substantial personal relationship with a member of the family of that party or person. However what constitutes a substantial personal relationship may, in practice, be elusive. Much depends on the nature, duration and closeness of the relationship. The High Court decision in Bienstein v Bienstein, which established the general principle that a judge is not disqualified from hearing a matter simply because, when a barrister, he or she has appeared for a party in the past. The recent decision of the House of Lords in Gillies v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions is illustrative that, in the case of an expert tribunal or court, a relationship with the agency whose decision was under review might not be a disqualifying factor. The House of Lords considered that a fair minded observer, who had considered the facts properly, would appreciate that professional detachment and the ability to exercise an independent judgment lay at the heart of such decisions. No-one is immune from a complaint of apprehended bias. Judges cannot be expected to be value-free. Conduct Sometimes the conduct of a judicial officer may be such that a reasonable person may apprehend that the matter might not be decided impartially. But this does not mean that a judicial officer cannot have an opinion about the general reliability of a witness who regularly appears before a court or tribunal; provided that the officer is open to persuasion and does not make comment indicating prejudgment. It must be stressed that the expression of tentative views, designed to elicit relevant submissions, does not constitute bias nor create a reasonable apprehension of bias. Indeed, this practice actually enhances procedural fairness by alerting the parties to the thoughts of the tribunal and providing them with an opportunity to persuade the tribunal to adopt a different course. Demands to disclose interests or associations When should a judicial officer respond to questions about their interests or associations? There are different schools of thought as to the appropriate practice to adopt when a judicial officer is asked about his or her interests or associations. My view is that, within reason, it is better to answer specific questions in relation to factual matters in order to put minds at rest; or, if minds are not put to rest, to require the parties to confront the potentially disqualifying interest or association and identify the logical connection this may have with a partial adjudication. However a judicial officer should not feel compelled to identify and disclose all possible interests and associations, direct and indirect, whether or not relevant to the case at hand. And there is certainly no obligation to answer questions about opinions, values or attitudes. Effect of non-disclosure of non-disqualifying interest What happens if a judicial officer does not disclose an interest or association which might have been disclosed as a matter of prudence (on the asis that it was potentially disqualifying), but, when revealed, was not ultimately found to be a disqualifying interest or association? In Ebner, the majority of the High Court thought it necessary to distinguish between considerations of prudence and requirements of law. The court considered that, as a matter of prudence and professional practice, judicial officers should disclose interests and associations if there is a serious possibility that they are potentially disqualifying. But it thought it was neither useful nor necessary to describe this practice in terms of rights or duties. Thus if a judicial officer does not disclose a non-disqualifying interest or association, his or her silence cannot reasonably support an inference of want of impartiality. Conclusion The High Court has emphasized that judicial officers should not be too ready to disqualify themselves when confronted with an insubstantial objection, lest that this will lead to forum shopping. But the same does not go to disclosure of potentially disqualifying interests or associations. Quite apart from any moral responsibility, recent decisions have shown the practical virtues of disclosure in circumstances of any doubt. But in determining any objection a court or tribunal should apply a method that requires there to be some logical connection between the alleged disqualifying matter and an inability to impartially determine the proceeding. How to cite Law Essay, Essays

T.E.N - The Room free essay sample

The debut full-length album from these Hamilton, New Jersey natives came out last fall, and its a very good introduction to what I hope will be a long career for the young men known to their fans as The Early November.T.E. N. released For All of This in 2002, and it was impressive, to say the least, but this follow-up album just proves they arent going to let up on rocking out anytime soon. A melodic mix of rock and emo, these lads show their raw, undeniable talent.The album begins with a remake of the acoustic Ever So Sweet with a violin added, which makes the song more stylish and appealing.The next track that catches my fancy is The Mountain Range in My Living Room, which is excellent. The lyrics are awesome, the melody is catchy, and the overall response to the song is pure awesomeness. We will write a custom essay sample on T.E.N The Room or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Baby Blue, a single off the album, is a very catchy, well-put together rock song that makes you want to sing along with the chorus: Nights likes these are never ending! I tried so hard to make this perfect. One of my favorites, though, is Fluxy because of its impressive lyrics.Overall, T.E.N.s debut album is a show, a display for music fans. Its audible proof that these guys are a talented group ready to rock out, and do it well, might I add. I definitely recommend this CD to anyone who likes good music. Look for these guys on tour and in the future.

Evolution or Revolution

The 15th to 18th centuries was a period that prided itself on classical precedents and continuity, yet witnessed dramatic change and innovation that revolutionized warfare. From Europe to Asia to North America, major historical vents took place resulting into radical socioeconomic changes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution or Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, depending on one’s perspective, the events and activities that occurred between the 15th to 18th centuries can be either revolutionary or evolutionary. It is also imperative to note that historians do not exhibit similarities in knowledge base since each historian analyses past events differently. Thus, it is imperative to examine the same events and present them as both evolutionary and revolutionary simultaneously. To start with, revolution is an impulsive, far-reaching, or absolute deep-seated change in the manner of thin king regarding something. On the other hand, evolution is a change in a definite course of a progression, incessant alteration from straightforward to more intricate, with the results representing an enhanced state; or a course of steady, social, political and economic progress[1]. Between the 15th and 18th centuries, many things happened, some taking a short life span and others a long life span. Thus, it is imperative to look at some examples and analyze whether they are evolutionary or revolutionary. For instance, the path towards the making of American constitution was revolutionary. Starting in 1775, the Battles of Lexington and Concord were the foundation of the American Revolution. However, a critical analysis of the situation reveals how the process was more of evolution than revolution. In fact, the American Revolution itself did not commence arbitrarily, but was a matter planned very well. Additionally, before the real war started, many developments took place. Some histor ians claim that the foremost thing that led to the Revolutionary War was the influx of Europeans into the land of America and the dictatorial control. The Sugar Act of 1764 was also another thing that triggered the American Revolution. From these examples, it is fair to say that the period between 1500 and 1800 was both revolutionary and evolutionary. The 15th to 18th centuries also saw United States enter into a civil war, which many term â€Å"the second American Revolution†. The American States fought amongst themselves to control the affairs of the entire region. Although the Civil War matched the characteristics of a revolutionary process, its causes were on the contrary different.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Undeniably, some factors dominant in this period for example, slavery were evolutionary because, from the initial stages of colonialism, slavery had been one of the American institutions. However, as time went by, the northern states plotted a move to abolish slavery. On the contrary, the southern states continued practicing it. However, the election of a sympathetic President and some constitutional amendments such as the right to vote almost abolished servitude. Clearly, this was an evolutionary process. Another instance, which actuary took place between the 15th to 18th centuries is industrial revolution. History is replete with information on people abandoning coal as the form of energy and adopting electricity as the new source. In overall, social and economic revolution occurred during this period and jobs opportunities increased. Technologically, various countries for example, United States and Britain adopted new technologies by abandoning the old mechanizations. In Britain for example, great industrial revolution took place and caused the rise in prices of commodities and fostering of the money economy. At first, many countries found it hard to adapt the new technological innovations due to lack of expertise. Thus, in order to deploy the new technology, countries had to seek expertise from other country familiar with the technology. Even today, most developing countries encounter challenges in deploying technological innovation to warfare[2]. References Braudel, Fernand. Civilization and Capitalism 15th-18th Century. New York: World History Center, 1985. Web. Lewis, Hackett. Industrial Revolution. New York: HarperCollins, 1992. Web. Footnotes Fernand, Braudel. Civilization and Capitalism 15th-18th Century (New York: World History Center, 1985). Fernand, Braudel. Civilization and Capitalism 15th-18th Century (New York: World History Center, 1985). This essay on Evolution or Revolution was written and submitted by user Jabari Gonzalez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club Essays

Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club Essays Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club Paper Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club Paper Essay Topic: Fight Club Novel Literature The Joy Luck Club Symbolism is defined by the dictionary as the practice of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships, which means creating an importance and special meaning in objects that normally would not be important. In The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, a story of four Chinese immigrant women and their four American-born daughters, many symbols are presented. Throughout the many stories in the novel objects begin to hold significant importance to the women they are attributed to. Objects such as Suyuan Woos pendant, Lindo Jongs red candle, and Lena St. Clairs vase become symbolic for the relationships between these women and people and events that are important in their lives. The jade pendant given to Jing-mei June by her mother Suyuan Woo is symbolic for the relationship June has with her mother before and after Suyuans death. In the story narrated by June entitled Best Quality, she says, my mother gave me my lifes importance, a jade pendant on a gold chain (197). June describes it as, too large, too green, and too garishly ornate (197), she did not understand the pendant and in the same way she did not understand her mother. At this point it is a symbol of their differences. In the same chapter, June recalls the conversation she had with her mother when June received the pendant, For a long time, I wanted to give you this necklace. See, I wore this on my skin, so when you put this on your skin, then you know my meaning (208). The meaning she describes is her maternal instincts to guide her daughter, but June is unable to understand this and mistakenly labels it as criticism. Suyuan is trying to tell June that her criticisms are really love and concern, but she cannot express it in words. In the same conversation Suyuan describes the pendant, This is young jade. It is a very light color now but if you wear it everyday it will become more green (209). This description represents Junes naivety towards her mother, the young jade being June. After Suyuans death, June begins to wear that pendant every day (197) as a sign that she is starting to understand her mother and her gestures for what they really were and as a sign that her light color is becoming more green. Another object that holds an interesting symbolic message is the red marriage candle of Lindo Jong. The red candle of Lindo Jong holds many symbolic messages. When Lindo was first married a special candle was lit. This candle had two ends to light, one end had the name of the bride and the other end had the name of the groom. If neither end of the candle were to extinguish before the next day Chinese customs say that the wedding would be successful. The candle already has a symbolic meaning within the Chinese culture, the success of the marriage. Within the story it also represents the beliefs, customs, and superstitions behind the marriage. That night after the servant designated to watch the candle had run away, out of fear of the Japanese, Lindo ran into the room and [her] throat filled with so much hope that it finally burst and blew out [her] husbands end of the candle (60). Blowing the candle out symbolizes Lindo taking control of her life. Her newly acquired independence is her way of escaping her marriage without dishonoring her family. Although the servant relights the candle, Lindo exposes the truth to her mother-in-law that the flame died in the night, without making intervention known. In her plan to escape her marriage, Lindo takes advantage of the Chinese culture and the superstitions of the candle to convince her mother-in-law to annul the wedding. It symbolizes how ones culture and traditions are used to identify ones own worth and character. In the story of Lena St. Clair there are two important objects that hold an important meaning to her. The vase owned by Lena St. Clair is a symbolic representation of her marriage with her husband, Harold Livotny, who built the table the vase rests on. Lena explains to her mother, Ying-Ying St. Clair, Careful, its not too sturdy (163) when Ying-Ying discovers the wobbly table. Not too sturdy can be applied to Lenas marriage as well as the table; the vase, as well as Lena, is in an unstable position. Lenas marriage is in danger of falling into ruin. Lena describes the table as a poorly designed piece that Harold made in his student days (163). To make a marriage work both people have to work at it, but Harold is not as supportive as Lena is with him. The table is a symbol of his unaccommodating, unsupportive commitment Harold has with Lena. During the middle of a fight between Lena and Harold, the vase is shattered by Ying-Ying. All Ying-Ying says in her defense is Fallen down, (165). Lena responds as she picks up the broken shards, It doesnt matter, I knew it would happen (165). Concerned, her mother asks, Then why you dont stop it (165). Lena is to blame for the insecurity her marriage and the vase are in, but even with this knowledge she does not take action against the situation. Her mother realizes this and shatters the vase to teach Lena that she cannot just sit idly and watch, but that she should prevent an oncoming disaster if she can. The shattered vase then represents an action taken to change Lenas submissiveness and grow into a stronger more self-aware person. Each womans object is an intricate symbol of the lives surrounding its owner. Suyuans pendant changes its meaning from its first introduction to its closing. It was a symbol of difference and became a symbol of concerned and love, and in this change also signifies learning and understanding. Lindos red candle ultimately represents freedom through the understanding of tradition and culture. Lenas vase when intact represents a shaking marriage while when broken describes the discovery of her own personal worth. The symbolism used in the novel weaves each object with the event and relationship it is associated with perfectly to create a complex, expressive story.

Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year Blame ObamaCare Essay - 1

Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year Blame ObamaCare - Essay Example This year, the average premium for a family hit $15,073 — $1,303, or 9%, higher than the year before. And that’s on top of increases of 5% in 2009 and 3% in 2010. Employees are picking up a substantial portion of that tab. They paid an average of $4,129 for their family insurance premiums this year — more than double what they shelled out 10 years ago. And that figure doesn’t include out-of-pocket health expenses.( Pipes, â€Å"Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year? Blame Obamacare†) Her facts are easy to verify. Just talk to any family that recently paid up their health insurance premiums and you will get the same answer from them. I agree with her findings as well because my family just recently paid up their share of insurance premuims, which went up because their companies told them they had to shoulder more of the cost if they wanted shared coverage, and the total cost we paid means we are facing a very bleak Christmas this year. Mostly because they had to cover me under the â€Å"slacker mandate† of the law. Because of me, and other under 26 kids out there, parents are having to shell out an extra 3% on their premiums. ( Pipes, â€Å"Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year? Blame Obamacare†) She presents solid and valid arguments as to why Obamacare must be repealed such as the cost of family healthcare jumping 9% higher than last year and the fact that American families barely have any disposable income left. $95 left over after paying bills ( Pipes, â€Å"Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year? Blame Obamacare†) will not even cover a full day of expenses for an average family. The bottom line is that Obamacare is a failed policy and as Pipes puts it, must be repealed before it can cause any further irreparable damage to families and their already dwindled

Critical assessment, Case Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 352750 words

Critical assessment, Case Law - Essay Example Critical assessment, Case Law Local or domestic authorities involved can assume parental obligations via an administrative protocol. Children, folks and other siblings were not able to pose a challenge to local authority choices on contact with the children during care, say in scarce scenarios which presented themselves. There were unfair accesses to the jurisdiction of the courts. Most of these issues and injustices became handled by the Children Act in a way to attain a better comprehension between the requirements of the children for safeguarding and the rights of folks to be involved wholly in the proceedings, even though certain new issues did emerge (Brayne & Cart 2008, p.12). Therefore, under section 31(1), only the domestic authority or a mandated individual, or any of its offices can draft an application for a care or supervising order and the domestic authority can no longer apply or follow the apparent jurisdiction from the High Court for such motives. Folks are able to challenge the domestic authority choices, children can be independently represented, the guardian may review the task undertaken by the domestic authority with the children and folks and hence makes a recommendation in regards to the sole welfare of the children, and where relatives of the extended household have a unique interest in the proceeding, they can make an application to the court to be adjoined in the proceedings (Dorothy 1991, p.20).

Kfc Kentucky Fried Chicken In Nigeria

Kfc Kentucky Fried Chicken In Nigeria KFC Corporation, or KFCÂ ®, also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky. The peculiar history of KFCÂ ® Kentucky Fried Chicken started between 1952 and 1964 when Colonel Harland Sanders (born on September 9, 1890), a politically appointed Kentucky colonel convinced the owners of 600 restaurants in multiple states to pay him a nickel for every chicken they prepared using his secret recipe seasoning. The seasoning is a blend of 11 herbs and spices and sold with his name on it (kfc 2010). In 1964 The colonel as he was popularly called sold the franchise system to John Y. Brown and his business partner Jack Massey for only $2 million. In 1966 Brown and Massey took their company public and increased efforts towards system development with the help of franchisees and Sanders himself who was a marketing icon by all rights, owing to his entrepreneurial success story and image. The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange on January 16, 1969. Since KFC Corporation went public and registered tremendous growth over the years, it has been acquired by a couple of other multinational corporations. The latest acquisition of KFCÂ ® was by PepsiCo, Inc. in October of 1986, from RJR Nabisco, Inc. for $840 million (Liddle 2010). In January 1997, PepsiCo, Inc. made KFCÂ ® and a couple of its other small quick service restaurants into an Independent entity known as Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. And subsequently changed the corporations name to Yum! Brands, Inc. in May of 2002. Yum! Brands, Inc. also owns AW All-American food Restaurant, KFCÂ ® , Pizza Hut, Long John and Taco Bell restaurants making it the worlds principal restaurant corporation in terms of system units and spread, having over 32,500 units spread across over 100 countries. While its primary focus is fried chicken, KFCÂ ® also offers a line of roasted chicken products, side dishes and desserts (kfc 2010) This report will be looking at KFCÂ ® in Nigeria; with the aim of investigating and analyzing their main marketing activities and operations in general. KFCÂ ® looking to develop and extend the volume of their market started operation in Nigeria by opening the first Nigerian KFCÂ ® restaurant in December 2010. According to Keith Warren, Yum!s general manager for Africa, We always knew a 150 million people eating chicken on the bone as their primary protein, had to be a good thing for KFCÂ ®, but we didnt quite know how good a thing it was going to be. They have six stores in Nigeria now and they plan on building 20 more stores in 2011. They also forecast that by 2020 KFCÂ ® will have 300 restaurants doing business in Nigeria (kfc 2010). This report is particularly interesting because KFCÂ ® in Nigeria is a new venture for Yum! Brands, Inc. This means that KFCÂ ® is a well known global brand in a new market environment, therefore, the implementation of its market orientation is still taking shape. In other words, the way that KFCÂ ® has decided to do business in Nigeria is still taking shape. Their market orientation, marketing mix and strategies etc will depend on their perception of the new Nigerian market, so we will be looking at KFCs Marketing strategy. In general terms, especially multinational firms use a different strategy in Nigeria than they do in other markets. We are hoping that KFCÂ ® will follow the same trend. 2. KFCS ORIENTATION A business can be Product Orientated, Marketing Orientated or Sales Orientated; but businesses can develop new products based on either a marketing orientated approach or a product orientated approach (Tutor2u 2010). Organizations orientation refers to its familiarization with and approach to the market. A firm can develop new products either based on what it thinks is the best for the market in order to maximize sales or what the customers think. Sales orientated approach fits the profile of market orientation because it uses such skills as selling, pricing, promotion and distribution except it pays little attention to customer needs, priority being sales maximization (Jobber 2007). Market-orientated approach is popular among most successful businesses as opposed to product orientated approach where firms develop products based on their competencies and capabilities rather than the customers needs (Tutor2u 2010). However, (Tutor2u 2010) cited that some products are argued to create a need or want in the customer/consumer, especially products that have high technology content. E.g. Mobile phones have moved from being a business accessory to being a big consumer brand item, with many additional gadgets, such as pictures, video and Internet access. Innovations create the need rather than the customer being able to second-guess how new technology is going to develop. Most technology driven products that requires high level innovation fall within this range because the products create customer needs and market segmentation takes care of the rest. KFC as an organization is Marketing Orientated because it tends to tailor its products and services to the needs of customers in a particular market. 2.1 KFCS MARKETING ORIENTATION: According to Kaur and Gupta (2010:88) Market orientation is a business culture that ensures a set of behaviours needed for generating, disseminating and responding to both internal and external market information for creating superior customer value through superior organizational skills and competencies which ensures long term profitability by continuously identifying and managing limitation in the system that prevents market-orienting culture in an organization. This is a wholesome definition of what market orientation is all about, in that it takes into consideration the business environment, competences, constraints, activities, strategies, implementation and results/targets of marketing orientation, A market orientation needs to be balanced with creativity and a deep understanding of the firms unique capabilities, competencies and objectives (Houston 1986; Sharp 1991; Hamel and Prahalad 1994). Alternatively, the definition of market orientation acknowledges the understanding and acting upon the dynamics of the markets in which they operate and concentrating on critical relationships (Povey 2000). The market dynamics he is referring to may range from the needs of the customers, to what influences their buying decision. There are positive relationships between market orientation and business performance (Pelman and Wilson 1996; Ruekert (1992). As is the case with KFC, their technique of market specialization (i.e. simply put, giving the customers what they really need and importantly not giving them what they dont need) has made them effective in Nigeria. Market orientation is a popular approach especially for a product/service organization like KFC. The need to gain customer preference over major competitors makes them react to the needs and wants of the customer, in order words, they are customer/consumer focused. KFC in Nigeria takes feedback from customers seriously, and they use feedback from customers/consumers to alter or change their standard products according to the customer specifications. The major characteristics of KFC as a Marketing Orientated business is outlined in Table 1 below according to the compilation of Jobber (2007) Table 1. Business Function Activities Identifying Customer/Consumer needs and wants. Marketing Research Developing Products to meet customer/consumer Research and Development/Production needs and wants Deciding on the value of the product to customers Pricing (Sales and marketing department) Making the products available to customers at the Distribution right time and place Informing customers.consumers of he existence of Promotion the product and persuading them to buy it 2.1.1 CUSTOMER NEEDS: In KFC Nigeria, customer needs are primary. The business decisions that KFC make in Nigeria are mainly based on the needs or otherwise complaints or feedback from the end consumer. The advantage of this approach to KFC is that it gives them an edge (competitive advantage) over their competition in terms of meeting and exceeding customers needs. Because a satisfied customer is a happy customer, a happy customer is a loyal customer and a loyal customer is an additional word of mouth promotion for the company; thereby maintaining and increasing KFCs market share. This approach is also growing in popularity mainly because the average consumer has now become knowledgeable and can have very easy access to information, therefore, rather than just working on making their products and services more appealing to the target consumers, KFC is now paying more attention to the customers wants and needs. This approach enables KFC to not only attract customers, but also to satisfy and more important ly retain them. Groucutt (2005 6-10 and 60) cited that an organization can achieve this by first identifying and selecting their target customers and learn their needs and desires by building relationships that will enable them key in to the customers real needs and develop products or services that can be sold at a profit in conformity with customers desire. He further stated that there must be some form of dialogue between the firm and the customers, where customers state their personal needs and wants, and this may be direct or indirect. Through marketing research a customer may communicate directly with the firm, where the firm seeks feedback on particular market issues. He goes on to say that on the other hand, customers may communicate indirectly with the firm by switching brands, and this is to inform the firm that there is a problem with the product (could be price or quality or both) Groucutt (2005) Groucutt (2005 335) The real needs of customers depends on a hierarchy of motives/motivators ranging from Psychological, Safety, Love and belongingness and self-esteem to self-actualization. KFC uses this approach as well, however, with business profitability as the needed end result. This means that they keep the needs of the customers in focus, while they aim at maximize their profit in general. A good implementation of this approach by KFCÂ ® in Nigeria is evident in the way they tailored their menu for different parts of Nigeria. For instance, their menu in the Northern parts of Nigeria does not contain pork because customers in those parts are predominantly moslems who prohibit the eating of pork, and because the case of belongingness is a huge determinant on what people eat. In the southern parts of Nigeria where you have a high density of educated families who tend to be more safety and health conscious when it comes to what they eat, KFC drafted their menu according to diet specifications, making it appear heathy and diet packed. 2.1.2 MARKETING RESEARCH: Groucutt (2005) defines Marketing research as the process of designing, collecting, analyzing and reporting of information that may be used to solve a specific problem in a firms marketing. The marketing problem he refers to can range from the market for a new product, new market for product (as is the case of KFCÂ ® in Nigeria), to lack of patronage for an existing product. Groucutt (2005) cited that Organizations need to narrow down their targeted segment i.e. who they want to appeal to, before undertaking a proper marketing research. It is only when you know who to appeal to that you devise means to appeal to them. He further said that after understanding their targeted segment, firms must have a clear objective as to what the firm aims to achieve both marketing wise and corporate wise. This is because for KFC to have a competitive advantage, they must be able to successfully tailor customer satisfaction with their objectives and end target. KFC Nigeria use feedback from custome rs as a major marketing research tool. According to Groucutt (2005) When efficiently and effectively used, marketing research can benefit the organization in the short-run and long-run. It can give the organization a complete understanding of the market, which includes understanding their current customers, current competitors, potential customers and the impact of macro environmental forces. Organizations can be proactive or reactive to changing conditions only through understanding these diverse groups, according to Groucutt (2005). Market research is important for KFCÂ ® to understand the behavior of a typical Nigerian customer, by analyzing both current and potential purchasing habits, tastes and influences. Marketing research is both a communication tool and a means of communication for KFC, because they use it to get needed information about current market conditions; on the other hand, customers give them feedback on their products and services. Forsyth (2007) cites market research as the planned problem analysis, model building and fact finding to enable better decision making and control in the marketing of goods and services. This implies that marketing research in addition to being an information tool, also enables the organization to guild their internal activities effectively for better results in the market place. According Forsyth (2007) market research contributes to the management of the marketing mix as well as used to help decide on: the marketing strategy needed to better exploit new opportunities; which market discontinuity to tackle; and the key interest areas for future marketing strategy. In application to KFCs activities in Nigeria, the information they get from market research helps them to better adapt to the Nigerian business environment. For instance, the no camera policy in KFC stores is a way they decided to curtail the excesses of some tough local competitors, because there is no limit to the extent a competitor will go to beat business competition in Nigeria. 2.1.3 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT/PRODUCTION: Effective and efficient use of marketing research creates more information for the organization to potentially undertake research and development of new products; this entails developing products based on customers wants and needs. Ideally, this is should be a continuos process. According to Groucutt (2005). The development of new products and services is usually the key to the beginning of new firms, or the continuation of an existing one. Organizations undertake constant research and development of new products in order to be innovative and stay competitive. Firms engage in New Product Development for various reasons like: To replace a product, to modify a product, to develop products in support of the firms long-term strategic objectives, the adaptation of an existing product, unexpected occurrence leading to unexpected innovation and product and in response to societal, including demographic factors. Societies change and so does their needs, according to Grouccut (2005). The average Nigerian customer is more aware and has easy access to information about different products; therefore his needs and preferences are no longer the same with the last 10 years. KFCÂ ® capitalized on this by rolling out products and services that appeal to Nigerian customers. The important thing is making the products available to the customer when, how and where they want it. For instance, KFCÂ ® incorporated a special type of local chicken seasoning called Suya into their menu in Nigeria because people tend to prefer their chicken made in this way with a lot local pepper spices, different from the rest of the world. KFC also made their chicken a lot spicier because approximately 85% of Nigerians love spicy food and eat spicy food three times in a day. 2.1.4 PRICING: Price is an inherent part of the product/service and must be used as an element of the marketing process (Forsyth 2007) This means that pricing needs to be set carefully because not only does it reflect quality, it ensures that the financial objectives of KFC are met and also creates good image and feeling of value for money by the consumers (Forsyth 2007). Pricing is particularly a sensitive and delicate issue in Nigeria because to most people the price is the first impression about any product. This means that just the mention of the price of a product determines if the average Nigerian customer actually buys a product or not without further inquiry about the quality of the product. Groucutt (2005) thinks that customers may be particularly sensitive to either the set price or increases, even if the increase are marginal. People usually associate this price sensitivity to economic class i.e. lower income groups, but anybody could be price sensitive depending on different factors lik e economic environment or volatility (high growth or low growth). However, price sensitivity in Nigeria can easily be linked to the higher population or high density of lower income people in the population. People work hard and earn relatively less, so it makes sense to want higher value for as low as possible price. Moreover, for most people in Nigeria eating out is a luxury and if that comes with a high price then it is obviously targeted at the higher income groups. This is also a sensitive part of KFCs marketing orientation and it is interesting what they came up with, bearing in mind that they had the objective to penetrate the market and also meet their financial objectives. According to Groucutt (2005) there are different types of pricing tactics that firms use and depending on the objectives/targets and external factors, firms could use some or all of these pricing tactics during the life of a product or service. KFC Nigeria uses Penetration Pricing (Predatory Pricing). Penetration pricing is all about finding a way to access a market by cutting through the existing pricing structures or strategies (Groucutt 2005). Grocutt (2007) also goes on to say that Penetration Pricing can be used to attain entry into an existing market by introducing and maintaining low prices set against the existing average price for that product or service. KFC Nigeria deliberately maintained low prices for most of their products, while at the same time matching the price of competition for some other products. The use of both penetration pricing and Price matching tactics by KFC in Nigeria is very effective, but the use of Penetration Pricing is particularly very important because it was what people mainly responded to and are still responding to. With these pricing tactics, KFC was not just looking at penetrating the market and making sales, but to also create a long lasting impression and customer loyalty in the l ong-run. KFC achieved relatively easy entry in Nigeria mainly because of their pricing tactics because the average Nigerian consumer is very price sensitive and care about quality a lot more than status. 2.1.4 DISTRIBUTION (Brassington Pettitt 2003) Distribution ensures availability and service The availability they are referring to incorporates timeliness as an important factor. It is good enough that customers chose you and not your competition, but it is very important to provide the needed product or service when it is needed on time. Forsyth (2007) cites that distribution is the process that enables products and services to be delivered to customers/consumers in the market. Distribution process typically involves intermediaries but for a fast food franchise like KFC intermediaries are highly unlikely, but for KFC accessibility is vital. Making sure their stores are located strategically to allow easy access by customers when they need to. Therefore, to ensure that customer get timely access to their products whenever they wanted, KFC strategically located their stores in specific parts of Nigeria, depending on the city or area or state. They located stores primarily in areas where customers/consu mers live (suburban and urban locations), close to schools, companies and markets. KFC opened 6 stores in Nigeria in December 2010 in the most populated cities in the country including Lagos city, which is the highest populated city in Nigeria and the 4th highest populated city in the world. KFC also plan to open 20 more stores located strategically in 2011. This also says a lot about KFCs strategy in Nigeria. Currently, KFC does not provide home delivery service which is more convenient for most customers, but they are not the only one in the market who doesnt provide this service. Some of KFCs top local competitors do not provide home delivery service as well because of lack of infrastructure that enables home delivery like good roads etc. 2.1.5 PROMOTION A firm must Promote itself, in other words, it must communicate, clearly and persuasively to let people know what is available and encourage them to buy (Forsyth 2007). There are various promotion tactics like advertising, direct mail, sales promotion e.t.c. Firms decide whether to use some or all of them depending their target audience, the advantages and disadvantages of the promotion tactics, available budget, and level of effectiveness of the promotion tactic (Forsyth 2007). KFC uses advertising effectively in Nigeria as their main promotion tactics. The most effective form of advertising by KFC in Nigeria are electronic and billboard advert by Movie stars and musicians for KFC. KFC takes advantage of the fact that the average Nigerian emulates these stars and follows what they do to some extent. Another promotional tactics that KFC uses in Nigeria and is probably the best at it is Selling. This involves a one-on-one communication with the customer and sometimes forms a final and important, link in the chain of different methods that link a firm to its market, according to Forsyth (2007). KFC is very good at this because they already have standard staff training specifications for all their staff and employees. This is one of KFCs global brand qualities that it brought to the Nigerian market. KFCs competition in Nigeria cannot match this quality at the moment, because they rarely train their staff and even when they do they are not as meticulous as KFC in training their staff and making sure they perfect customer relations. For instance, It is not strange to walk into a fast food store in Nigeria and see a receptionist arguing with a customer, but just few seconds with KFC staff, you will immediately notice that they are different in the way they interact with the customers. They sort of draw you in and make you feel special and appreciated, and for a typical Nigerian customer that respect and appreciation is almost everything. 3. KFCS FOUR Ps OF MARKETING MIX Jobber (2007) suggests that an effective marketing mix matches customer needs, creates competitive advantage, matches corporate resources, and is well balanced. According to Brassington and Pettitt (2003 1105) Marketing Mix is the blend of the 4Ps that creates an homogenous and stable offering to potential customers to satisfies their needs and wants. This means that there must be consistent synergy or balance between these four basic tools of marketing to meet potential customers need and wants. For instance, a good product with bad communication will not work, and so is a bad product with good advertising. This is simply because the elements of the Marketing mix rely on each other and if they lack consistency with each other in what they are saying about the product, then the customers will reject it all because they not stupid. Brassington and Pettitt (2003 25) The 4Ps is a widely recognized concept in marketing and it provides a central organized structure or foundation for marketing activity,which manager can relate to and easily understand, The 4Ps include Product, Price, Place and Promotion. PUT DIAGRAM HERE 3.1 KFCS PRODUCT The product is at the core of marketing exchange. If the product does not deliver the benefits the consumer wanted or if it does not fulfill the expectations created by the other elements of marketing mix, then the whole exercise will be useless. (Brassington and Pettitt 2003 267). A product is a physical good, service, idea, person or place that can offer tangible and intangible qualities that individuals or firms consider necessary, worthwhile or satisfying and are willing to pay for it or exchange any other valuables for it (Brassington and Pettitt 2003 268). This means that for a customer/consumer, the benefit of a product is everything because they buy these products to meet needs, so when a customer/consumer exchanges money, patronage or any other unit of value for a product what he/she is doing is simply paying to get the benefits of that particular product to meet his/her needs. It also means that a product could be anything or place that offers needed benefits and customers/ consumers regard as beneficial. A product (tangible or intangible) is like a personality, and just like a personality there are some characteristics that makes it essentially appealing to the buyer like branding, packaging and labeling, design, style and quality e.t.c. The product and price are the two main parts of the marketing exchange that interests marketers Brassington and Pettitt (2003 268). Alternatively, Groucutt (2005 158) considers products as a collection of features and benefits that provide customer satisfaction. All these different perspectives have two things in common, which is that a product must be beneficial and must provide customer satisfaction. KFC promotes their wide range and varieties of fried, smoked and roasted Suya chickens in Nigeria as nutritious, convenient and even healthy in some parts according to their adverts. According to Doyle (2002) Product decisions comprises of Product variety,product performance, product features, product design, product presentation, product packaging, si zes and brand name. KFCs specialty is fried chicken served in various forms. KFCs primary product is pressure-fried pieces of chicken made with the original recipe. The other chicken offering, extra crispy, is made using a garlic marinade and double dipping the chicken in flour before deep frying in a standard industrial kitchen type machine (Scribd 2011). KFC in Nigeria offers non-durable products and Service products as well. They offer wide range of fried, smoked and roasted chicken in Nigeria, as well as side dishes with fish, port and beef, desserts and ice creams. These are all tangible but non-durable products because the can only be consumed once. KFCs service products in Nigeria represent intangible products such as activities, benefits or satisfaction that customers/consumers derive from their relationship with KFC. KFC menu in Nigeria contains three different segments namely: Family Meals, Individual Meals and Sandwiches. Family Meals comprises of Family Meal, Party Meal and Economy Meal. Ind ividual Meals comprises of Snack Box, Strips Light Meal and Dinner Box. Sandwiches comprises of Suya rap, Suya Burger, Fish rap, beef rap, Chicken fillet supreme, Pork Supreme. They also give customers the chance to make up their own variety box comprising of some or all available products. All the fried Chicken Meals are prepared in the traditional KFC style of frying in oil with the colonels range of spices. All the Meals also have Suya variety, this means that customers/consumers can either chose between the locally prepared Suya or the traditional KFC fried Chicken. KFC also have the same strategy for the beef, fish and pork meals. For the sake of simplicity, this report shall be discussing Fried Chicken. 3.1.1 MARKET SEGMENTATION KFC in Nigeria segments the market demographically by dividing it into groups based on age, gender, family size, income, occupation, religion and ethnicity. KFC segments the market demographically in this way: Age: Between 6 65 Gender: Males and Females Family Size: 2 4, 4 6, 6+ Income: 500Naira and above Family life style: ALL KFCs typical customers/consumers in Nigeria are adults between 18 to 58 who live fast paced lives, and therefore considers convenience when deciding what to eat or drink. This convenience is the totality of what KFC offer in Nigeria. 3.1.1.1 PSYCHOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION Entails dividing a market into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, religion or personality characteristics (Scribd 2011). KFC in Nigeria divides the market based on psychographic variables like: Upper and Middle class, Life style (not specific) and Personality (ambitious and authoritarian), role expectation of the sexes, reference groups, customs and traditions KFC is concerned about the potential effects of these variables on the sales of its products. This is precedes target market. Psychographic segmentation enable KFC tailor their products or menu content to the specific needs of the target customers in different parts of Nigeria. 3.1.1.2 TARGET MARKET This is the process of evaluating each market segments attractiveness and selecting two or more market segments (Scribd 2011) The two main factors usually considered when selecting a target market segment are the attractiveness of the segment and the fit between the segment and the firms objectives, resources and capabilities. KFC in Nigeria targets upper, middle and a group known as Upper-lower class in Nigeria. KFCs main target are the upper and middle class, but due to the pricing system they initiated, they widened the net to take in this special group known as the upper-lower class, who can afford to take advantage of the KFCs penetration pricing system. KFCs target in Nigeria depends on -Size and growth rate of the segment -Competition in the segment -Brand loyalty of existing customers in the segment -Attainable market share given promotional budget and competitors expenditures -Required market share to break even -Sales potential for the firm in the segment -Resources and structural attractiveness of market segment -Expected profit margins in the segment The market research and analysis discussed before is instrumental in obtaining the above information. (Scribd 2010) 3.1.1.3 MARKET PRESENCE According to Brassington and Pettitt (2006 862) It is a reasonable objective, especially for a small company or a new entrant into an industry/market, to create awareness, both of the firm and of the products offered. According to Jobber (2007) in the communication effects pyramid, 90% Awareness leads to 70% Knowlegde/compreehension, to 40% Liking to 25% Preference, to 20% Trial and 5% Use. This means that to generate more than 5% actual usage which is tantamount to sales of a product, a firm must be more than 90% effective at creating awareness. Even well know brands could have some blind spot relative to a particular market or a new market environment. KFC created awareness in Nigeria through pre-campaigns and promotions, while already gathering potential customers feedback on what they would like to see in KFC eventually. KFC utilized this and tailored their product to popular costumer specifications and needs and this allowed them a relatively easy entry and penetration into the market. The position of KFC products in the minds of target consumers/customers is also important. KFC uses all these attributes to position its products to occupy a clear, distinctive and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers/customers. KFC in Nigeria takes feedback from customers and then improve their products. KFC pays more

Essay --

‘Some years ago everyone lived perfectly fine without a smart phone or tablet, but now people suddenly ‘need’ to have one!’ Most people will have heard someone say this or something similar before. And it seems to be true at first sight, smart phones and tablet are now more a normal good than a luxury good. The implication is that marketing artificially creates needs. In this essay we will discuss the question if marketing really does. We will discuss this question from the point of view of a producer or product designer. It will appear there is another side to the story. But what exactly are needs? ‘Needs are the basic human requirements for air, good, water, clothing and shelter. Humans also have strong needs for recreation, education, and entertainment.’ (Kotler & Keller, 2012) Since needs are basic human requirements, they are in the nature of mankind. Therefore they cannot be created by marketers. But why do people think marketing does create needs? Because they confuse needs with wants. Needs are not specific objects. The specific objects are wants, and they can satisfy the need. (Kotler & Keller, 2012) The needs already exist, marketing develops products that fulfill those needs. (Meredith, 2008) But people may not be aware of their needs, and therefore think that marketing has created a new need, but what marketing has actually done, is uncovering the need, by providing a product that satisfied the need. The need already existed, and marketers found a product that responds to it. Identifying needs and providing a product that sat isfies the needs is the main business of marketing, that is why marketing is used. Business is basically identifying and serving customer’s needs at a profit. (Meredith, When Leaders Don't Lead, ... ...d society do. So if you ever hear someone complain about needs that are created by marketers, those people just didn’t know they had that need. Bibliography (n.d.). Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). A framework form marketing management (5th ed.). Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Meredith, B. (2002, February). Awesomely Disquieting. NZ Business, 16(1), 47. Meredith, B. (2005, December). When Leaders Don't Lead. NZ Business, 19(11), 70. Meredith, B. (2008, September). (How) marketing has changed. NZ Business, 22(8), 102. Pereira Heat, M. T., & Chatzidakis, A. (2012). 'Blame it on marketing': consumer's views on unsustainable competition. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 36, 661. Vidal Diaz, d. R. (1998). A single consumer or different types of consumers: An analysis of social types according to their customer habits. Brithish Food Journal, 100(7), 326.

Why do people criticize types of music like metal

Since that decade heavy metal was divided in many branches where they born different types of heavy metal as: Nu metal, dark metal, doom metal, metal core, rock metal, alternative metal, death metal, Christian metal, trash metal, etc then they generalized heavy metal as metal, and heavy metal started making part of metal. So this music stared to be a door for the teenagers that wants to highlight from others that's why the majority of metal heads have piercing and tattoos. Society didn't accept them and judging from their appearance the stereotype metal as† satanic†.The people that don't listen to metal because just didn't like this genre just prefer to don't comment and keep distance. But metal is strongly criticized by society and there are people that said that metal is only an excuse to use drugs and alcohol, because in all the genres metal is the one that has the most drug addict followers. Others said Metal Heads are dark and satanic as the famous singer Justine bib ber that said:† I reject metal. Why? Because is an insipid, violent and dark music that incite teenagers to follow the path of the sin and to lock n a melodramatic and melancholic way of life without sense. Metal constantly resave critics by another famous genre called regulate, with comments as: â€Å"those teenagers are violent they express their self in a bad way and live their live like a punish, like something bad. † â€Å"Regulate wants to contagious world with happiness and Metal Heads just try to cloud happiness with their gloomy and sad thoughts. † â€Å"metal is not music there are just screams without harmony. † As metal is a different type of music that express rebellion and rudeness, metal is present to the ones who didn't know about his genre as bad music, also people get scare about the content of the lyrics.Many religious people or Scientific' use phrases like:†all metal is satanic. † ‘the members of that band love Satan. † ‘the lyrics of that song backward and translated in an old Portuguese language is part of a indigenous ritual to call Satan spirit. † These arguments aren't valid and aren't proven. One thing is for certain, that there are satanic bands but these are very few, and are part of one of the branches call death metal or black metal, this branch is for satanic ands only, and this one's didn't have hide their intentions. Metal change personality' no, people look them different because they present a different attitude, Metal Heads didn't fallow modes they just are unite because of the feeling of the music. All this disturbance is because the hypocrisy of the society that talk about values but they didn't practice, Metal Heads show their self as they are, they do not hide their likes or feelings, that's why the rude lyrics an strong sounds.Play metal is not easy the complexion of the music is ere low as Metallic, system of a down, avenged sevenfold or AC/dc, and people c riticized them for them is very sad that all their effort is not considerate. As James Hatfield the first voice o the famous group Metallic that said â€Å"Honestly, all my years of carrier have been disqualified by inexperienced people that move masses in a way I don't like. † Boring in mind the both sides of the coin, there is a very interesting opinion. â€Å"All the likes and dislikes have to be respected, but when someone criticized metal has to have arguments to catalog metal as satanic.

How Meditation Affects Brain Plasticity Essay - 1374 Words

Meditation means to concentrate and connect with ones’ own mind, to explore identity and emotions in order to be aware of conscious, sub-conscious and unconscious thoughts. Meditation originates and has been has been practiced in Asia for thousands of years for different reasons such as increasing concentration abilities, religious purposes and also to train the mind. This essay will focus on how meditation affects brain plasticity (ability to change), emotionally and intellectually, leading to better performance and coping abilities in stressful situations. Things like attention span, memory functions and complexity of emotions will be further explored and may interest the reader since meditation can answer many questions on improving mental health that affects almost everyone. I will make the claim that meditation practice needs to be introduced early into educational institutions such as schools. Because evidence suggests that that meditation increases the volume of the cor tex in the brain, leading to a higher and more powerful emotional intellect and cognition that improves things like memory, attention and emotional control. It is logical to assume that in order to alter thickness of cortex, mental thought functions and emotional strength, meditation should be introduced to children early in school for greater performance. A major impact meditation has is on the physical increase of thickness of the cerebral cortex (outer layer of brain tissue) and grey matterShow MoreRelatedThe Primary Literature On Sleep And Memory Essay3333 Words   |  14 Pagesfunctional influence on sleep; and conclude with a discussion about further research into the intersection of mindfulness, memory formation and learning, and sleep. 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